Biography:
To be updated
Abstract:
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual bleeding. There are two types of amenorrhea, primary and secondary. Although amenorrhea may result from a number of different conditions, a systematic evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment of selected serum hormone levels can usually identify the underlying cause. Treatment goals for patients with amenorrhea may vary considerably, and depend on the patient and the specific diagnosis. The objective of the presentation is to describe the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of different types of amenorrhea and relate the major recommendations for the patient management.
Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are common miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy with amenorrhea and reproductive consequences. Until now, three systems have been proposed for their categorization but all of them are associated with serious limitations. The ESHRE/ESGE classification system of female genital anomalies (2013) is based on anatomy.
Turner syndrome is usually accompanied by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and primary or secondary amenorrhea due to gonadal dysgenesis. European Society of Endocrinology Clinical practice guidelines 2017 recommend that estrogen replacement should start between 11 and 12 years of age increasing to adult dosing over 2–3 years (moderate recommendation), and adding progesterone once breakthrough bleeding occurs or after 2 years of estrogen treatment (strong recommendation).