5th International Conference on
Gynecology and Obstetrics

The commencement of maternal-fetal medicine has been elevated from the introduction of numerous technologies which are useful to take care and supervise maternal-fetal health during pregnancy. Initially it is denoted as perinatal medicine by perceiving its growth in last 20 years the new name also was given to them. Maternal fetal medicine may be a great contribution for the wellbeing of neonatal and  fetus, that specialize in their health and development variety of advanced and helpful technologies are initiating. Some of the recent technologies like identifying the fragments of cell free DNA of a fetal in a maternal circulation was made possible by prenatal screening with advancement in genomics and diagnosis and also it proved the utility of chromosomal microarrays. It is a useful technique because besides finding aneuploidies it can also test for microduplications and microdeletions.

•Placental Abnormalities
•Maternal and Child Nutrition
•Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis 

Neonatology is a pediatric subspecialty consisting of medical treatment for newborn babies, particularly the sick or premature baby. It is a hospital-based specialty that is used for neonatal care primarily in intensive care units. Not all young adults are premature babies. A medical condition can present a specific challenge. Big organs such as liver, lungs, stomach, and skin cannot be developed enough to operate without special assistance. Neonatologists have the advanced qualifications appropriate for the diagnosis and treatment of infant medical conditions. For comparison, neonatologists use devices specially designed for the tiniest patients. The role in postnatal treatment will then be important.

• Neonatal health and medicine
• Perinatal medicine
• Neonatal disorders
• Neonatal mortality
• Neonatal surgery

Embryology is the department of  biology that focus on the research of prenatal improvement of gametes, fertilization, and development of embryos and  fetuses. Additionally, embryology encompasses the observe of congenital disorders that arise earlier than start, called teratology.  Embryology has a protracted history.  Infertility occurs when a couple was unable to get conceive even after having regular unsafe sex. It may be a problem with any one of the partner to get conceive. It also includes woman who are unable to feel the state of  pregnancy. It is mostly defined as without the utilization contraception for 12 months with regular sexual interactions and in any case the couple isn't conceiving.

•Assisted Reproductive Technology
•Fetal Development
•Congenital Abnormalities
•Diagnostic Techniques
•Ovarian Cysts Problems

Gynecologic oncology is an elaborated branch of medicine that majorly concentrates on cancers of the female reproductive system which incorporates uterine cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. Gynecologic  oncologists are the specialist with immense knowledge and training to diagnose and treatment these cancers. They serves as a lead in woman’s Gynecologic cancer care. It is highly important to seek advice from a Gynecologic oncologist prior to the start of the treatment so the best supervision and treatment can be provided based on the stage of the cancer

• Cervical Cancer
• Uterine Corpus Cancer
• Ovarian Cancer and Pelvic Cancer
• Cancer of the Vulva and Vagina
• Chemotherapy for Gynecologic Cancers
• Gynecologic Cancers: Case Report
• Diagnosis and Management of Gynaecological Malignancies

A nurse midwife is the one specialized in childbirth and women’s reproductive health and also licensed healthcare professional. Besides handling births, they also carryout annual exams, accord counselling and also write prescriptions. Nurse  midwife is the one with abundant capabilities needed for a midwife in the international confederation of midwives. They also have extraordinary experience as a registered nurse. After accomplishing the registered nursing and midwifery education they are accepted to practice as a nurse midwife and credentialing a certified nurse-midwife.

• Pre & Post-partum Care
• Antenatal examination
• Vaginal examinations
• Episiotomy and suturing
• Neonatal resuscitation
• Assist with caesarean section
• Antenatal & Postnatal Depression

Urogynecology is a subspecialty of Gynecology that is also known as Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery in some countries. A urogynecologist treats clinical issues related to pelvic floor and bladder dysfunction. The bladder, reproductive organs, and bowels are all affected by pelvic floor problems. Urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and faecal incontinence are all common pelvic floor problems. Urogynecologists are increasingly responsible for the care of women who have suffered perineum injuries during childbirth.

Pediatric  gynecology is the clinical practice handling the fitness of the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries of infants, kids, and children. Its counterpart is pediatric  andrology, which offers with scientific problems precise to the penis and testes. Assessment of the outside genitalia and breast improvement are frequently part of recurring bodily examinations.  Physicians also can propose paediatric  gynecology patients on anatomy and sexuality. Assessment can include an exam of the vulva, and seldom contain the introduction of devices into the vagina.

• Pediatrics and Pediatric surgery
• Birth Defects
• Gynecologic disorders – Infants
• Gynecological Genetic Disorders

Adolescent  reproductive health focuses on highlighting the evaluation and control of adolescent  gynecologic problems. First, understanding the right strategies for the preliminary exam is major step to establish a protracted-time period dating with this age group. Reservations about the primary  gynecologic exam are common, and the practitioner's intention is principal to make the patient as at ease as possible. Teens were precise as a special population, given the frequency with which they collect and clean moderate HPV-associated cervical dysplasia. More conservative remedy in this population is commonly favored. During their transition through puberty, problems of menstruation come to be the maximum commonplace criticism requiring the attention of the  gynecologist. Most commonly, anovulation serves because the cause at the back of such unusual bleeding.

• General Health Awareness After Puberty
• Sex Education
• Awareness about Early Pregnancy and Childbirth
• Awareness on Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
• Mental Health

Reproductive medicine is a branch of Medicine regarding the male and female  reproductive systems. It encompasses a variety of reproductive situations, their prevention and assessment, as well as their subsequent remedy and prognosis. It additionally incorporates many components of ethics and regulation and has currently visible large improvements with the help of technology and research. Reproductive medicine has allowed the event of artificial  reproductive techniques (ARTs) that have allowed advances in overcoming human infertility, also as being utilized in agriculture and in wildlife conservation. Some examples of ARTs consist of IVF, synthetic insemination (AI) and embryo switch, as well as genome resource banking. With strategies such as cryopreservation of tissue coming to the vanguard, the future of reproductive medicinal drug is thrilling.

• Infectious Diseases
• Congenital Abnormalities
• Endocrine Disorders
• Assessment and Treatment

Gestational diabetes is a condition in which blood sugar levels rise during pregnancy. Every year, it affects up to 10% of pregnant women in the United States. It affects pregnant women who have never been diagnosed with diabetes. There are two types of gestational diabetes.
1) Can manage their condition with diet and exercise.
2)Diabetes requires the usage of insulin or other medications.

The treatment's purpose is to keep your blood sugar levels under control. It may include special food regimens as well as regular physical activity. It may also include daily blood sugar checks and insulin shots. GDM issues are often manageable and preventable.

Cosmetic gynaecology, often known as aesthetic gynaecology, is quickly becoming one of the most popular elective surgery subspecialties for women. Aesthetic operations to improve the appearance of the external vulvar or vaginal region are included. In fact, labiaplasty operations have become one of the fastest rising fads in women's cosmetic surgery.

• Labiaplasty
• Vaginoplasty
• Thermiva

People can utilise family planning to have the number of children they want, as well as space their pregnancies. It is achieved through the use of contraception and infertility treatment. Contraception education and services are critical to everyone's health and human rights. Preventing unintended pregnancies helps to lower maternal disease and the number of pregnancy-related deaths. Family planning has significant health benefits, including as postponing pregnancies in young girls who are at increased risk of health problems from early childbearing and preventing pregnancies in older women who are also at risk. By lowering the number of unplanned pregnancies, contraception reduces the need for unsafe abortions and HIV transmission from mothers to neonates.

STDs are infections that are passed from one person to another by vaginal, anal, or oral contact. They are exceedingly common, and many people who have them have no symptoms. If left untreated, STDs can cause serious health problems. More than 30 bacteria, viruses, and parasites have been related to sexual intercourse. The most frequent way for STIs to spread is through sexual contact, which includes vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Several STIs can be transferred from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. A person can have a STI without showing any signs of sickness. Common STI symptoms include vaginal discharge, urethral discharge or burning in men, genital ulcers, and belly pain.

A baby born alive before the 37th week of pregnancy is considered preterm. Preterm birth is classified according to gestational age: extremely early (less than 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks), and mild to late (32 to 37 weeks). An induction or surgical birth should not be arranged before 39 weeks unless medically required. An estimated 15 million babies are born prematurely each year. This category includes more than one out of every ten infants. Every year, over one million children die as a result of preterm delivery complications. Many survivors may face challenges for the rest of their life, such as learning disabilities and vision and hearing problems.

Miscarriage is a traumatic experience that affects every woman differently, but it can cause grief, anxiety, melancholy, and even PTSD symptoms (PTSD). Anxiety and depression in many women after a miscarriage can continue for years, even after the delivery of a healthy child. When deciding whether a woman is at risk of prenatal or postnatal depression, previous pregnancy loss is rarely included with other risk factors such as a family history of depression, stressful life events, or a lack of social support. Women who have had one or more miscarriages may develop a mental illness months or years later. Some evidence suggests that men and women may be affected for up to 15 years after a bereavement.

Menopause is not a disease or condition, but rather a natural process. Menopause begins 12 months after a woman's last menstrual period. Menopause, also known as perimenopause, occurs in the years preceding menopause, during which women may suffer changes in their monthly cycles, hot flashes, or other symptoms. The menopausal transition usually begins between the ages of 45 and 55. It usually lasts seven years, although it can last up to fourteen.

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a hormonal illness that affects 5% to 10% of fertile women (12 to 45-years). Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects a woman's hormone levels. Women with PCOS produce more masculine hormones than they should. Because of this hormonal imbalance, they miss menstrual periods, making it harder for them to conceive. PCOS is characterised by hair growth on the face and body, as well as baldness.

Climacteric refers to the stage of life that begins with a fall in ovarian activity and ends with ovarian function loss. The word encompasses peri-menopause, menopause, and post-menopause. Climacteric is a natural change in life that can result in a range of health issues, including menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
 

Assisted reproductive technology refers to medical procedures used to treat infertility (ART). This issue covers in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medications. When used to treat infertility, ART is also referred to as fertility treatment. The majority of people link ART with reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Some forms of ART may be used for genetic goals in the case of fertile couples (see preimplantation genetic diagnosis).

Surrogacy agreements may involve ART, although not all surrogacy agreements include. There are occasions when the cause of sterility is a minor issue that can be treated with more traditional treatments or behaviours focused at improving health and reproductive practises, therefore ART is not necessarily the first therapeutic option to be explored. Donor eggs, donor sperm, and previously frozen embryos are occasionally used in ART procedures.

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that combines biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering to manipulate materials on a nanoscale scale of 1 to 100 nanometres. In medical, nanotechnology has a promising future. Nanotechnology has brought forth a new age in medicine and other fields of research. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nanotechnology could be used to treat a range of reproductive issues. In vitro imaging diagnostics and nanoparticle-based cancer treatments are two of the most promising areas of nanomedicine. Its application as a treatment for infertility is a revolutionary technology.

Uterine bleeding that lasts longer than usual or occurs at an unexpected time is referred to as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Bleeding can be more severe or less severe than usual, and it can occur frequently or at random. The majority of women's female hormone levels change every month. During the ovulation process, the hormones oestrogen and progesterone are released. When a woman ovulates, an egg is released. AUB can develop when the ovaries fail to produce an egg. Vaginal bleeding between cycles is one sign of irregular uterine bleeding. Abnormal uterine bleeding is sometimes defined as unusually heavy bleeding throughout your menstruation. Menorrhagia is characterised as excessive bleeding during a period and/or bleeding lasting more than 7 days.

Early pregnancy evaluation units, where early pregnancy bleeding can be treated quickly and sympathetically, and minor procedure units for gynecology, which provide one-stop inquiry and treatment (including ultrasonography and hysteroscopy), are becoming more common. The greater life expectancy and higher health standards of menopausal women have inspired new advances in hormone replacement treatment. Enhanced use of this sort of therapy has led to increased surveillance and, as a result, awareness of more common concerns affecting older women. There is a larger demand for effective reproductive treatments and surgical procedures that preserve fertility as a result of postponing childbearing.